My daughter got me the The Mood Guide to Fabric and Fashion for my anniversary yesterday (picked it up at a dollar store for a buck, but she paid for it out of her own money).
It is a very basic book on fabric. Others do it as well, but they do hit on modern fabrics. If you are a rank beginner, this is a good book. I'm not going to complain because of how I got it, but if you can find it in a pound store or cheap, and you're new, it's not a bad investment to learn basic fabrics.