A flexible tape measure and some tracing paper will be your friends here.
Rather than make alterations to the sleeve pattern on a fabric piece, do it on paper as it's easier to draw and make changes before any cutting goes on and you don't risk the fabric stretching out on the curve, which can happen easily.
I'd do it as follows:
1. trace out a copy of the paper pattern pieces to about 10cm below the bottom of the armhole curve
2. make sure that you transfer all notches and, most importantly, run the grainline up the entire length of your tracing.
3. cut off the seam allowance. It's easier to add in later and makes it easier to do measurements and any alterations.
4. measure the stitching line of the armhole on the garment. Stylearc usually mark the stitching line, so it should be easy enough to do it here. To do this, stand the tape on its edge and walk it around the stitching line; trying to do it with the tape lying flat is difficult and likely to give an inaccurate measurement.
5. now measure the top of the sleeve pieces.
6. compare the two measurements - this will tell you how much ease there is in the sleeve cap and if you need to alter it.
7. tape together the two sleeve pieces, lining them up to match any notches or overlap.
8. where the bottom of the sleeve meets the side seam on the garment, this is where to split your sleeve to make your new version.
9. add some extra paper on the bottom of the new sleeve piece and extend it to whatever length you want the sleeve to be, making sure it's wide enough for you.
This should get you most of the way there.