Measure the diagonal corner, get a calculator and multiply that measurement by itself, then divide the result by 2, then find the square root of that number. This will give you the side length of the square you need. Add ⅞inch to that - or an inch if you aren't sure of your cutting accuracy. You can always trim it if needed Cut 2 squares of the appropriate size and cut them in two on the diagonal. This gives you the straight grain on the outside edges so it won't stretch.
For the side setting triangles, measure the side of the block (ie a short side of the required triangle). Multiply that by itself, then double the result. Find the square root of that number, and add i¼ inches to it. Cut a square that size and cut the square across both diagonals to give you 4 x quarter square triangles. The straight grain will be on the long edge which will be on the outside and won't stretch.
If this all sounds vaguely familiar it's because you weren't looking out of the window
all the time in the geometry lessons. Remember Pythagoras's Theorem? This is the only use I've ever found for it.